Which of the following is NOT an attribute of war?

Resolution is not considered a fundamental attribute of war in the context of military theory. The attributes of war—friction, uncertainty, and fluidity—each capture critical aspects of the nature of warfare.

Friction refers to the countless unforeseen factors that complicate operations, ranging from logistical issues to the chaos of combat, which impacts how plans unfold. Uncertainty revolves around the unpredictable nature of both the battlefield and the enemy's actions, making it challenging for commanders to make decisions with complete confidence. Fluidity highlights the dynamic and ever-changing circumstances of warfare, where situations on the ground can shift rapidly and require agile responses.

Resolution, while an essential trait for military leaders and troops in terms of the will to fight and persevere, is more about the mindset and determination than a characteristic that defines warfare itself. It does not encapsulate the inherent complexities and unpredictable nature that friction, uncertainty, and fluidity represent. Understanding these attributes helps military leaders anticipate challenges and adapt strategies accordingly.