What does the term "complexity" convey regarding the nature of war?

The term "complexity" in the context of war emphasizes that it is not a straightforward or simple endeavor but is instead characterized by a multitude of interacting elements. In recognizing that war emerges from the collective behavior of individuals, it reflects the idea that the actions, decisions, and dynamics of numerous participants—ranging from military leaders to soldiers and civilians—contribute to the overall outcome of conflicts.

This understanding captures the unpredictability and fluidity inherent in warfare, as individual and group behaviors can lead to unexpected results, making it difficult to predict outcomes based solely on historical precedents or singular leaders' actions. The complexity of war is further illustrated through the varied factors that influence conflicts, such as sociopolitical contexts, cultural influences, randomness, and the interconnectedness of various strategies, further supporting the notion that it is the collective actions of many that shape the course of war.